CH 16-18, Q's 1-9.
1) What was The Great Dying? Cite examples and details from the historical record in your response. Could this be considered a genocide? Why/ why not?
The Great Dying was a massive demographic collapse among the Native Americans. They had a major effect on the populations that they came in contact with as well. These places included the Caribbean islands, central Mexico, the Mayan highlands of southern Mexico and central America, and the Andes Mountains. The Great Dying was brought up of multiple infectious diseases and sicknesses that followed one after another for more than a century and a half. I can't imagine dealing with unknown disease for a CENTURY AND A HALF. Mind blowing. It began when new disease pathogens were inadvertently introduced to American Indian populations by early Spanish and Portuguese invaders. Owing to the long separation between the western and eastern hemispheres, the Native Americans were not immune to these diseases that they were blindly introduced to. These infections included measles, smallpox, influenza, typhus, and tuberculosis.
Because the Native Americans were not aware of these diseases, they did not have any type of antibiotic to prevent any of them. The Great Dying caused massive social, economic, and cultural mayhem in numerous Amerindian societies. I do believe this is a type of genocide. I think that obviously many were killed because they could not find any type of resource that would prevent any of these disease. Plus too, with this lasting a century and a half, they would have to invent so many different and new types of medicine or antibiotic for so long, and they would probably not have the amount of resources that they would have needed to survive. Also, with travelers landing in that area as well, and then taking it back with them or wherever they do, it must've spread so rapidly and brought upon even more disasters elsewhere.
(worldhistory.weebly.com).
2)What did native Siberians and native Americans have in common in terms of their experiences with Europeans during the early Modern period?
In 1861, 13 million Russians and Ukrainians migrated to Siberia; they then started to overpopulate the land while others traveled to Central Asia. By the end of the century, native Siberians totaled only 10 percent of that region’s population. With the abundance of land and less restrictive laws, they continued Europeanization of Siberia which ultimately pushed Siberians out. Like the Siberians, the Native Americans were also displaced from their land due to the westward expansion of the United States.
(Strayer, pgs. 756-758).
3) Discuss the history and impact of the Indian Ocean trade network (the Sea Roads) from the Classical to Modern periods.
The Sea Roads led to massive trade thorough ways for new products and ideas. They exported tons of raw materials and manufactured goods that no one thought possible of maintaining. Iron, coal, rubber, tea and seafood were among the more important goods that were sent through the trade network. Many countries did not have any access to these types of goods, so this was a huge breakthrough to their trading system. "Much of its wealth derived from control of expensive and profitable imported goods from Asia, many of which came up the Red Sea through the Egyptian port of Alexandria. There Venetian merchants picked up those goods and resold them throughout the Mediterranean basin. This type of trans-regional exchange linked the maritime commerce of the Mediterranean Sea to the much larger and more extensive network of seaborne trade in the Indian Ocean basin, (Strayer, pg. 291)."
4) Look at the pie chart titled “The Destinations of Slaves” on page 627 of our textbook. What might people find surprising about the percentages of slaves who disembarked in different parts of the Americas? What factors explain why the percentages were this way?
I find this chart quite interesting; I think what I was taught in Middle School was not much about slavery in other countries. What I find most surprising is the massive amount of slaves that disembarked to Brazil and the Caribbeans. I think the reason for this was the large need for work in those regions. They had a lot of crops in that area, which meant more work. Also too, I would assume that in those types of areas, there was a lot of disease that would eventually kill off a lot of slaves, thus needing more help.
5) What does Strayer mean by the “echoes of Atlantic Revolutions”? Cite examples and details from the historical record in your response. Are the Atlantic Revolutions still echoing in the 21st Century?
I think what Strayer meant by "Echoes of Atlantic Revolution" was the after effects of the Revolutions in the Atlantic. For example, Britain's loss of the North American colonies led to its exploration and interest in colonization of Asia. With that this led to the British colonial rule in India and Opium Wars in China. By saying that this was an "echo" of Atlantic Revolution, it meant that the after effects of the Revolution were going to mirror what happened and the results were going to be similar. Another example would be the movements that would happen within Europe. With the government being fairly conservative, they would eventually work on greater amounts of social equality and national liberation from foreign rule. This would eventually lead to three major movements that arose to challenge the continuing patterns of oppression or exclusion. They would ultimately focus on the end of slavery; "nationalists hoped to foster unity and independence from foreign rule; and feminists challenged male dominance. Each of these movements bore the marks of the Atlantic revolutions, and although they took root first in Europe and the Americas, each came to have a global significance in the centuries that followed, (Strayer, pgs. 714-715)."
6) What did feminists and abolitionists have in common? How and why did they sometimes work together?
Abolitionists and feminists had a lot in common, as they were both searching for equality, freedom and human rights. Abolitionists were more open to ideas and freedom for all, including wanting to end slavery. At the same time, feminists were fighting for their own freedom. Women's suffrage rights was a major movement, and while abolitionists ultimately wanted the same thing, they could both help each other with reform movements. According to nps.gov, they would work together, but split apart for protests, etc. in order to prove that the two counterparts could work together peacefully and that women were just as powerful as men.
nps.gov
7) One time, a pretzel was walking down the street, and it got a-salt-ed...
8) What was the Industrial Revolution? Where and when did it begin? Discuss its long-term significance to people, cities and the planet.
The Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, starting from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. "This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power and water power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the mechanized factory system. The Industrial Revolution also led to an unprecedented rise in the rate of population growth." The Industrial Revolution truly revolutionized the way we use products even today. It brought upon the development and popularity of trade and businesses, given its new usefulness and technology.
"In broad terms, the Industrial Revolution marks a human response to that dilemma as nonrenewable fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas replaced the endlessly renewable energy sources of wind, water, wood, and the muscle power of people and animals. It was a breakthrough of unprecedented proportions that made available for human use, at least temporarily, immensely greater quantities of energy, (Strayer, pg. 738)."
The long term significance of the Industrial Revolution led to urbanization, capitalism, increase of standard of living, advancement in technology, etc. Although it mostly seemed like positive change, the Revolution also brought upon pollution to the environment, and increased respiratory illnesses..
brittanica.com
"European Racial Images" spoke volumes to me. With everything going on right now, I think this is an image that should be shared a bit more. I think that Strayer added images like these in the text to speak about racism, slavery, and how ultimately the evolution of man all starts at the same origin.
"With the advent of the industrial age, however, Europeans developed a secular arrogance that fused with or in some cases replaced their notions of religious superiority. They had, after all, unlocked the secrets of nature, created a society of unprecedented wealth, and used both to produce unsurpassed military power. These became the criteria by which Europeans judged both themselves and the rest of the world, (Strayer, pg. 791)." Unfortunately, even now people are so narrow minded and arrogant and still believe in this.
"By such standards, it is not surprising that their opinions of other cultures dropped sharply. The Chinese, who had been highly praised in the eighteenth century, were reduced in the nineteenth century to the image of “John Chinaman” — weak, cunning, obstinately conservative, and, in large numbers, a distinct threat, represented by the “yellow peril” in late nineteenth-century European thinking. African societies, which had been regarded even in the slave-trade era as nations, and their leaders, who had been regarded as kings, were demoted in nineteenth-century European eyes to the status of tribes led by chiefs as a means of emphasizing their “primitive” qualities, (Strayer, pg. 791)."
I wanted to add this two excerpts because it is disgusting how our society still latches on to these ideas from such a long time ago. I don't want to get too political, but I have never seen an image in a textbook like this (well, what I can remember), and I wish I had seen images like this as a child. I think that it would open even the most narrow minded people's MINDS.
The Great Dying was a massive demographic collapse among the Native Americans. They had a major effect on the populations that they came in contact with as well. These places included the Caribbean islands, central Mexico, the Mayan highlands of southern Mexico and central America, and the Andes Mountains. The Great Dying was brought up of multiple infectious diseases and sicknesses that followed one after another for more than a century and a half. I can't imagine dealing with unknown disease for a CENTURY AND A HALF. Mind blowing. It began when new disease pathogens were inadvertently introduced to American Indian populations by early Spanish and Portuguese invaders. Owing to the long separation between the western and eastern hemispheres, the Native Americans were not immune to these diseases that they were blindly introduced to. These infections included measles, smallpox, influenza, typhus, and tuberculosis.
Because the Native Americans were not aware of these diseases, they did not have any type of antibiotic to prevent any of them. The Great Dying caused massive social, economic, and cultural mayhem in numerous Amerindian societies. I do believe this is a type of genocide. I think that obviously many were killed because they could not find any type of resource that would prevent any of these disease. Plus too, with this lasting a century and a half, they would have to invent so many different and new types of medicine or antibiotic for so long, and they would probably not have the amount of resources that they would have needed to survive. Also, with travelers landing in that area as well, and then taking it back with them or wherever they do, it must've spread so rapidly and brought upon even more disasters elsewhere.
(worldhistory.weebly.com).
2)What did native Siberians and native Americans have in common in terms of their experiences with Europeans during the early Modern period?
In 1861, 13 million Russians and Ukrainians migrated to Siberia; they then started to overpopulate the land while others traveled to Central Asia. By the end of the century, native Siberians totaled only 10 percent of that region’s population. With the abundance of land and less restrictive laws, they continued Europeanization of Siberia which ultimately pushed Siberians out. Like the Siberians, the Native Americans were also displaced from their land due to the westward expansion of the United States.
(Strayer, pgs. 756-758).
3) Discuss the history and impact of the Indian Ocean trade network (the Sea Roads) from the Classical to Modern periods.
The Sea Roads led to massive trade thorough ways for new products and ideas. They exported tons of raw materials and manufactured goods that no one thought possible of maintaining. Iron, coal, rubber, tea and seafood were among the more important goods that were sent through the trade network. Many countries did not have any access to these types of goods, so this was a huge breakthrough to their trading system. "Much of its wealth derived from control of expensive and profitable imported goods from Asia, many of which came up the Red Sea through the Egyptian port of Alexandria. There Venetian merchants picked up those goods and resold them throughout the Mediterranean basin. This type of trans-regional exchange linked the maritime commerce of the Mediterranean Sea to the much larger and more extensive network of seaborne trade in the Indian Ocean basin, (Strayer, pg. 291)."
4) Look at the pie chart titled “The Destinations of Slaves” on page 627 of our textbook. What might people find surprising about the percentages of slaves who disembarked in different parts of the Americas? What factors explain why the percentages were this way?
I find this chart quite interesting; I think what I was taught in Middle School was not much about slavery in other countries. What I find most surprising is the massive amount of slaves that disembarked to Brazil and the Caribbeans. I think the reason for this was the large need for work in those regions. They had a lot of crops in that area, which meant more work. Also too, I would assume that in those types of areas, there was a lot of disease that would eventually kill off a lot of slaves, thus needing more help.
5) What does Strayer mean by the “echoes of Atlantic Revolutions”? Cite examples and details from the historical record in your response. Are the Atlantic Revolutions still echoing in the 21st Century?
I think what Strayer meant by "Echoes of Atlantic Revolution" was the after effects of the Revolutions in the Atlantic. For example, Britain's loss of the North American colonies led to its exploration and interest in colonization of Asia. With that this led to the British colonial rule in India and Opium Wars in China. By saying that this was an "echo" of Atlantic Revolution, it meant that the after effects of the Revolution were going to mirror what happened and the results were going to be similar. Another example would be the movements that would happen within Europe. With the government being fairly conservative, they would eventually work on greater amounts of social equality and national liberation from foreign rule. This would eventually lead to three major movements that arose to challenge the continuing patterns of oppression or exclusion. They would ultimately focus on the end of slavery; "nationalists hoped to foster unity and independence from foreign rule; and feminists challenged male dominance. Each of these movements bore the marks of the Atlantic revolutions, and although they took root first in Europe and the Americas, each came to have a global significance in the centuries that followed, (Strayer, pgs. 714-715)."
6) What did feminists and abolitionists have in common? How and why did they sometimes work together?
Abolitionists and feminists had a lot in common, as they were both searching for equality, freedom and human rights. Abolitionists were more open to ideas and freedom for all, including wanting to end slavery. At the same time, feminists were fighting for their own freedom. Women's suffrage rights was a major movement, and while abolitionists ultimately wanted the same thing, they could both help each other with reform movements. According to nps.gov, they would work together, but split apart for protests, etc. in order to prove that the two counterparts could work together peacefully and that women were just as powerful as men.
nps.gov
7) One time, a pretzel was walking down the street, and it got a-salt-ed...
8) What was the Industrial Revolution? Where and when did it begin? Discuss its long-term significance to people, cities and the planet.
The Industrial Revolution, was the transition to new manufacturing processes in Europe and the United States, starting from about 1760 to sometime between 1820 and 1840. "This transition included going from hand production methods to machines, new chemical manufacturing and iron production processes, the increasing use of steam power and water power, the development of machine tools and the rise of the mechanized factory system. The Industrial Revolution also led to an unprecedented rise in the rate of population growth." The Industrial Revolution truly revolutionized the way we use products even today. It brought upon the development and popularity of trade and businesses, given its new usefulness and technology.
"In broad terms, the Industrial Revolution marks a human response to that dilemma as nonrenewable fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas replaced the endlessly renewable energy sources of wind, water, wood, and the muscle power of people and animals. It was a breakthrough of unprecedented proportions that made available for human use, at least temporarily, immensely greater quantities of energy, (Strayer, pg. 738)."
The long term significance of the Industrial Revolution led to urbanization, capitalism, increase of standard of living, advancement in technology, etc. Although it mostly seemed like positive change, the Revolution also brought upon pollution to the environment, and increased respiratory illnesses..
brittanica.com
9) Chapter 18 contains some powerful images. Why do you suppose Strayer chose to include these specific images? How do they illustrate concepts introduced in this chapter? Choose one image and a) describe it, b) explain how it illustrates a concept from the chapter, and c) give your general thoughts about the image, as you might do in the context of a small in-class discussion group. The images you can choose from are (your version of the textbook may use different titles and page numbers):
An American View of British Imperialism (p.790)
European Racial Images (p.791)
Map 18.2 Conquest and Resistance in Colonial Africa (p.796)
Colonial Violence in the Congo (p.803)
The Educated Elite (p.815)
"European Racial Images" spoke volumes to me. With everything going on right now, I think this is an image that should be shared a bit more. I think that Strayer added images like these in the text to speak about racism, slavery, and how ultimately the evolution of man all starts at the same origin.
"With the advent of the industrial age, however, Europeans developed a secular arrogance that fused with or in some cases replaced their notions of religious superiority. They had, after all, unlocked the secrets of nature, created a society of unprecedented wealth, and used both to produce unsurpassed military power. These became the criteria by which Europeans judged both themselves and the rest of the world, (Strayer, pg. 791)." Unfortunately, even now people are so narrow minded and arrogant and still believe in this.
"By such standards, it is not surprising that their opinions of other cultures dropped sharply. The Chinese, who had been highly praised in the eighteenth century, were reduced in the nineteenth century to the image of “John Chinaman” — weak, cunning, obstinately conservative, and, in large numbers, a distinct threat, represented by the “yellow peril” in late nineteenth-century European thinking. African societies, which had been regarded even in the slave-trade era as nations, and their leaders, who had been regarded as kings, were demoted in nineteenth-century European eyes to the status of tribes led by chiefs as a means of emphasizing their “primitive” qualities, (Strayer, pg. 791)."
I wanted to add this two excerpts because it is disgusting how our society still latches on to these ideas from such a long time ago. I don't want to get too political, but I have never seen an image in a textbook like this (well, what I can remember), and I wish I had seen images like this as a child. I think that it would open even the most narrow minded people's MINDS.
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